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South Korea Jeonse Fraud Victim Support 2026: Special Act, Eligibility & How to Apply

Daylongs · · 20 min read

South Korea’s unique jeonse housing system — where tenants pay a large lump-sum deposit instead of monthly rent — has exposed hundreds of thousands of renters, including many foreign nationals, to devastating fraud. When landlords fail to return deposits and properties go into forced auction, the Jeonse Fraud Victim Support Special Act (「전세사기피해자 지원 및 주거안정에 관한 특별법」) is the government’s primary tool to intervene. This guide is written for everyone caught in jeonse fraud: Korean nationals, F-2, F-4, F-5, and E-7 visa holders, and any tenant who signed a Korean jeonse lease.


How the Jeonse System Works — and Why It Produces Fraud

The Basic Structure

In a jeonse lease (전세 계약), a tenant (임차인) pays the landlord (임대인) a large lump-sum deposit — typically 50–80% of the property’s market value — and lives rent-free for the contract period (usually two years). At the end of the term, the landlord returns the full deposit with no interest.

For Western renters unfamiliar with this arrangement: imagine handing your landlord an interest-free loan equal to the cost of buying the apartment outright. The landlord uses that capital however they choose — and your only security is their promise to give it back. In a rising market, this works because the landlord can always refinance or sell the property to raise cash. In a falling market, or when a landlord is running multiple properties with no real equity, it can collapse entirely.

The Mechanics of Fraud

The typical jeonse fraud scheme works like this:

  1. A landlord — sometimes acting through a straw party — buys many low-cost properties (often in older apartment buildings or multi-family villas) with heavy mortgage debt.
  2. The landlord leases each unit under a jeonse contract, collecting deposits that cover or exceed the purchase price.
  3. When Tenant A’s contract ends, the landlord uses Tenant B’s deposit to return Tenant A’s money — a classic Ponzi structure.
  4. When property prices fall, the chain breaks: there are not enough new tenants and the properties are worth less than the accumulated deposits plus mortgages.
  5. The landlord stops answering calls, files for bankruptcy, or simply disappears. The properties go to auction. Tenants get nothing.

This is “jeonse fraud” (전세사기): the landlord had no realistic intention or ability to return the deposits from the start. The 2022–2023 fraud wave devastated districts like Incheon’s Michuhol-gu, Seoul’s Gangseo-gu and Nowon-gu, and parts of Gyeonggi Province, leaving thousands of households — including many foreign tenants — facing homelessness and financial ruin.

A “Kkangtongjeonse” Warning Sign

The Korean term 깡통전세 (“empty-can jeonse”) describes a property where the sum of the jeonse deposit and existing mortgages equals or exceeds the property’s market value. In an empty-can situation, if the property goes to auction at a distressed price, the proceeds cannot cover all obligations — and the tenant, holding the weakest legal priority, loses first. Any time a jeonse deposit is more than 70–80% of the market value, treat it as a red flag.


The Special Act: What It Does and Why It Matters

Background

The Jeonse Fraud Victim Support Special Act (「전세사기피해자 지원 및 주거안정에 관한 특별법」) was enacted in June 2023 in direct response to the crisis. Its defining feature is the creation of an official victim designation process — a formal government determination that you were defrauded — which then unlocks a comprehensive package of support.

Without this designation, victims are left to pursue their landlords through standard civil and criminal channels, which can take years and often yield nothing when the landlord is bankrupt or has disappeared.

The Six Core Benefits

BenefitWhat it provides
LH Priority Purchase Right (우선매수권)LH buys the property at the auction price; victim stays at ~30% of market rent for up to 20 years
Auction Suspension (경공매 유예)Government requests a pause in forced sale proceedings while your case is evaluated
Low-Interest Bridge LoanNew jeonse deposit financing at approximately 1–2% annual interest rate
Emergency HousingLH public rental housing or temporary housing subsidy if eviction is imminent
Credit RehabilitationProtection against negative credit consequences caused by the fraud
Legal AidFree legal consultation and court representation through the Korea Legal Aid Corporation

The Law Is Time-Limited

The Special Act is a sunset law (한시법) — it was designed to operate for a limited period, with application cut-off after the expiry date. As of 2026-05-12, the current sunset date must be verified directly at jeonse.molit.go.kr or by contacting your local Jeonse Fraud Victim Support Committee (전세사기피해지원위원회). Do not rely on any secondary source, including this article, for the definitive deadline. Extension discussions have occurred in the National Assembly, but only the official portal reflects the current legal status.


6 Eligibility Criteria — What the Committee Looks For

The Jeonse Fraud Victim Support Committee at the city or provincial level evaluates each application against six criteria. The Committee applies a holistic review — failing one criterion does not automatically mean rejection, but weak evidence across multiple criteria will likely result in denial.

CriterionPractical MeaningEvidence to Gather
① Legitimate-looking contractThe lease appeared normal at signing — licensed agent, standard documents, no obvious irregularitiesSigned lease contract, licensed agent confirmation (중개대상물확인서)
② Deposit below the legal ceilingGenerally KRW 500 million, set by Presidential Decree — may be adjustedLease contract showing deposit amount
③ Multiple victimsThe same landlord defrauded, or is expected to have defrauded, multiple tenantsPolice complaint numbers, media reports, Committee awareness of pattern
④ Deposit not returnedLandlord has failed to return the deposit after the lease expiredDemand letter with mailing receipt, rejection or non-response record
⑤ Evidence of fraudulent intentFacts suggesting the landlord planned the fraud from the outsetPolice investigation documents, bankruptcy filing, property registration history
⑥ Auction or forced sale underwayThe property is in or imminently facing judicial or administrative forced saleCourt auction notice, KAMCO public sale notice, property registry

On the Deposit Ceiling

The KRW 500 million ceiling is a general benchmark. The Presidential Decree specifying the exact figure can be revised, and Committee practice sometimes accepts higher-value cases based on exceptional circumstances. If your deposit exceeds the current ceiling, file the application and request an individual review — rejection still allows you to pursue alternative remedies described later in this article.

On Criterion ③ (Multiple Victims)

This criterion creates a practical difficulty for isolated victims: if your landlord only defrauded you, the pattern may be harder to establish. However, the Committee also considers “risk of multiple victims” (다수 피해 발생 우려), meaning that if the landlord’s financial pattern or property portfolio suggests further victims are likely, this criterion may still be met. Provide the Committee with the landlord’s property registration history — if the landlord holds many mortgaged units across several tenants, that demonstrates the systemic pattern.


Step-by-Step Application Guide

Phase 1: Prepare Your Documents

Gather everything before you submit. Incomplete applications trigger a supplementary submission request, which pauses the clock and adds weeks.

DocumentWhere to ObtainNotes
Jeonse lease contract (original)Your personal recordsInclude all riders and special clauses
Property registry certificate (등기사항전부증명서) — two copiesSupreme Court Internet Registry (irb.scourt.go.kr) or kiosk, KRW 1,000 eachOne from the contract date; one current
Household registration record (전입세대확인서) or resident abstract (주민등록 초본)Neighborhood community center (주민센터)Proves you were registered at the address
Confirmed date certificate (확정일자 확인서)Community center or automatic via lease registration reportIf you filed a lease registration (전월세신고), the confirmed date is automatic
Demand letter (내용증명) to landlord + Korea Post receiptSend via registered mail at any Korea Post officeKeep the sending receipt; it is your proof of formal demand
Court auction notice or KAMCO public sale noticeReceived by mail from the court or KAMCO; also viewable on the court’s auction websiteEssential for proving criterion ⑥
Police complaint receipt (고소 접수증)Police stationStrengthens criterion ⑤; file this before applying if you have not already

Phase 2: Choose Your Submission Method

Online (recommended): Go to jeonse.molit.go.kr → Select “피해자 결정 신청” (Victim Designation Application) → Log in with a Korean government digital certificate (공인인증서) or simple mobile authentication → Complete the form → Upload all documents as PDF or image files → Submit.

In person: Visit the Jeonse Fraud Victim Support Committee secretariat in the city or province where the property is located. Bring originals and photocopies. Seoul residents go to the Seoul Metropolitan Government; Incheon residents to Incheon City; Gyeonggi residents to Gyeonggi Province.

By mail: Send a complete set of documents (with a cover letter) by registered mail to the appropriate Committee secretariat.

Phase 3: Wait for the Determination

The Committee conducts a document review, may request site verification, and issues a determination notice. Standard processing time is 60–90 days. If you receive a request for additional documents (보완 요청), respond promptly — delays on your side extend the overall timeline.

Phase 4: Receive the Designation Certificate and Access Benefits

When you receive the victim designation certificate (피해자 결정문):

LH Priority Purchase Right: Contact the nearest LH (Korea Land & Housing Corporation) regional office. Phone: 1600-1004. Website: www.lh.or.kr. LH will assess whether the priority purchase is feasible for your specific property and auction timeline.

Auction Suspension: Request this through the Committee secretariat simultaneously with your application — do not wait for the designation to come through. The Committee can forward a suspension request to the relevant court or KAMCO while your case is pending.

Low-Interest Bridge Loan: Apply at HUG (Housing Urban Guarantee Corporation, 1566-9009 / www.khug.or.kr) or Korea Housing Finance Corporation (HF). Bring your designation certificate plus standard income and credit documents. Confirm current rates and loan limits at application time — these change by program cycle.

Emergency Housing: Contact the LH jeonse fraud victim support desk (1600-1004). Even before your official designation, LH may provide temporary housing if your eviction is imminent — always ask about pre-designation emergency options.

Credit Rehabilitation: Submit your designation certificate to the Credit Counseling & Recovery Service (1600-5500) or the Financial Supervisory Service (1332). Request the special relief measures available to designated fraud victims.

Free Legal Aid: Call the Korea Legal Aid Corporation at 132. You can get free legal advice and, in many cases, free representation in civil and criminal proceedings related to the fraud.


Special Section: Foreign Tenants in South Korea

Foreign nationals on any visa type — F-2 (residential), F-4 (overseas Korean), F-5 (permanent resident), E-7 (specialist employment), or others — are eligible to apply for victim designation under the Special Act as long as they:

  1. Signed a valid jeonse lease contract under Korean law
  2. Completed household registration (전입신고) at the leased address

Household registration is the legal act that establishes your right to priority in auction proceeds (대항력) and your right to receive proceeds before junior creditors (우선변제권). Without it, your legal position in the auction waterfall is severely weakened — but you are not automatically excluded from the Special Act application itself.

If You Did Not Complete Household Registration

This is common among foreign tenants who were unaware of the requirement. You can still apply for victim designation, but your ability to recover funds through the auction process is compromised. Consult the Korea Legal Aid Corporation (132) to understand what remedies remain available in your specific situation.

Communicating Through the Process

ResourceLanguageContact
Seoul Global CenterEnglish, Chinese, Japanese, and others02-2075-4180
Danuri Call CenterMultilingual (English, Chinese, Vietnamese, and more), 24 hours1577-1366
Korea Legal Aid CorporationKorean (some English assistance available)132
Ansim Jeonse PortalKorean with limited English contentjeonse.molit.go.kr

For critical meetings with the Committee or in legal proceedings, hiring a certified Korean interpreter or using the Seoul Global Center’s interpretation referral service is strongly recommended.

Foreign Document Requirements

Documents you provide that were issued outside Korea (identity documents, foreign bank records, foreign income certificates) may require:

  • Certified translation into Korean by a translator accredited in Korea
  • Apostille certification if the issuing country is a signatory to the Hague Convention (includes most OECD countries)
  • Embassy certification as an alternative where apostille is unavailable

Your country’s embassy in Seoul can clarify what is required for specific document types. Allow extra time for this step — certified translations and apostilles can take 1–3 weeks.


Worked Scenario 1: Foreign Tenant, KRW 200 Million, Landlord Disappeared

An E-7 specialist employment visa holder signed a two-year jeonse lease on a 40㎡ studio in Seoul’s Mapo-gu for KRW 200 million. The contract expired in March 2026. The landlord stopped responding to calls and texts. Three weeks later, a court auction notice arrived by mail, showing the property had been mortgaged well beyond its current value.

What this person should do:

  1. Send a demand letter (내용증명) to the landlord’s registered address by Korea Post registered mail. Keep the receipt. This formally documents the demand and the non-response.
  2. File a police complaint (고소) at the local police station. Bring the lease, the auction notice, screenshots of unanswered messages, and the demand letter receipt. Request the case be handled by the jeonse fraud unit (전세사기 전담).
  3. Pull two copies of the property registry — one showing the state at contract signing, one current — from irb.scourt.go.kr.
  4. Submit the victim designation application at jeonse.molit.go.kr with all documents. Simultaneously, request the auction suspension through the Committee.
  5. Call Seoul Global Center (02-2075-4180) to get English-language guidance on any steps or documents that are unclear.
  6. Upon designation: Contact LH (1600-1004) to activate the priority purchase right. Apply for the bridge loan at HUG to arrange alternative housing while the process plays out.

The landlord’s disappearance and the auction notice together strongly satisfy criteria ④, ⑤, and ⑥. The fact that the property registry shows heavy mortgage debt relative to the jeonse deposit (깡통전세 structure) strengthens the case for fraudulent intent.


Worked Scenario 2: HUG Insurance Holder, Deposit KRW 180 Million, Landlord Bankrupt

A Korean national living in Incheon paid a KRW 180 million jeonse deposit and had the foresight to purchase HUG jeonse guarantee insurance before moving in.

When the contract expired and the landlord declared bankruptcy, the tenant filed a HUG insurance claim (보증보험 청구). HUG paid the KRW 180 million deposit on behalf of the landlord and then pursued the landlord for recovery (구상권 행사).

Does this person also need the Special Act? In most cases, HUG payment resolves the deposit return issue. However, the victim may still benefit from the Special Act for:

  • LH housing stability support, if they want to continue living in the same neighborhood at reduced rent
  • Credit rehabilitation, if the fraud caused secondary financial damage (missed loan payments, etc.)
  • Legal proceedings support, if pursuing additional civil claims

The key point: HUG insurance and Special Act designation are complementary, not mutually exclusive. Check the current rules for combined use at jeonse.molit.go.kr or by calling HUG (1566-9009).


Worked Scenario 3: Solo Victim, Landlord Has Other Assets, No Multiple-Victim Pattern

A tenant in Suwon, Gyeonggi Province paid a KRW 400 million deposit. The landlord owns one other property, is not known to have defrauded anyone else, and is still contactable — but simply refuses to return the deposit claiming “financial difficulty.”

Here, the multiple-victim criterion (③) is likely absent. The Special Act designation may be difficult to obtain. But other tools are available:

  • Lease Registration Order (임차권등기명령): File immediately at the district court. This preserves your priority and opposition rights (대항력 and 우선변제권) even after you move out. This is available to anyone — no multiple-victim requirement.
  • Provisional Attachment (가압류): File at the court to freeze the landlord’s other property before they transfer it out of reach.
  • Civil Lawsuit (민사소송): Sue for deposit return. With a lease registration order in place, a judgment in your favor can be enforced against the attached property.
  • Criminal Complaint (고소): Even one-on-one refusal to return a deposit can constitute breach of contract — and in some circumstances, fraud.

Call the Korea Legal Aid Corporation (132) to evaluate which of these tools applies to your situation. Do not give up just because the Special Act pathway seems blocked.


What Happens at the Auction — and Why Timing Matters

The Auction Waterfall

When a jeonse property goes to forced auction in Korea, proceeds are distributed in a strict priority order:

  1. Auction expenses and court fees
  2. Senior secured creditors (banks with first-rank mortgages registered before your move-in date)
  3. Tenants with confirmed date (확정일자) and household registration (전입신고) who have earlier registration dates
  4. Junior secured creditors and lower-priority tenants
  5. Anything remaining goes to the property owner (typically nothing)

In a kkangtongjeonse situation, after senior mortgages are paid off, there is often nothing left for the tenant. This is why:

  • Completing household registration on move-in day is the single most important protective step
  • Getting a confirmed date (확정일자) the same day or through the lease registration report
  • Checking the property registry before signing to verify that total debt (mortgages + your deposit) does not exceed the property’s realistic auction value

Why the LH Priority Purchase Right Changes the Equation

Without LH intervention, the auction proceeds on its normal course and the tenant gets whatever (often nothing) remains after senior creditors are paid. With the LH priority purchase right, LH steps in at the winning bid price — meaning even a property encumbered with senior debt can be “rescued” from the auction cycle and converted into affordable public housing for the victim. This is why applying early (before the auction concludes) is so critical: once a third-party buyer takes title, the priority purchase right is gone.


Five Mistakes Jeonse Fraud Victims Commonly Make

Mistake 1: Waiting to see if the landlord “comes through”

Every day spent waiting after a contract expires is a day you could have spent building your legal record and filing applications. If the deposit has not arrived within 3–5 business days of contract expiry, start the demand letter and police complaint process immediately.

Mistake 2: Assuming the police complaint is enough

A criminal complaint (고소) is important for establishing fraudulent intent. But it does not freeze the property, preserve your tenancy rights, or pause the auction. You need to pursue the Special Act application and civil protective measures (임차권등기명령, 가압류) in parallel.

Mistake 3: Not checking the property registry twice

Pull the property registry (등기사항전부증명서) at the time of your original contract AND again now. Changes between those two dates — new mortgages, ownership transfers to relatives, additional jeonse contracts — paint a picture of the landlord’s behavior and are essential evidence.

Mistake 4: Giving up because the deposit is “too high”

If your deposit exceeds the current KRW 500 million ceiling, still apply. The Committee reviews exceptions. Even if denied, you retain all civil and criminal remedies, and the Korea Legal Aid Corporation (132) can help you pursue them.

Mistake 5: Not asking LH about emergency housing before designation

LH maintains emergency housing options that may be available before the formal designation is issued. Victims facing imminent eviction should call LH (1600-1004) on day one — do not wait 60–90 days for the designation certificate.


Identifying Organized Fraud: Straw Landlords

Organized jeonse fraud rings use nominee landlords (바지사장, literally “pants-boss”) to put someone else’s name on the properties while the real orchestrators collect the deposits. Warning signs:

  • The nominal landlord is young (often early-to-mid 20s) with no apparent income
  • The same landlord’s name appears on a large number of properties across multiple districts
  • The real estate agent pushing the deal has a personal relationship with the landlord
  • The contract was rushed and the agent discouraged independent legal review
  • The jeonse deposit is unusually low compared to the purchase price or recent sales
  • The landlord became unreachable within days of the contract being signed

If you suspect organized fraud, both the straw landlord and the real organizer can be named in your criminal complaint. The national police maintain dedicated jeonse fraud investigation units (전세사기 전담 수사팀) in major cities; specifically request your complaint be directed to that unit.


Dealing with Landlords Who Have No HUG Insurance

If your landlord was not enrolled in HUG jeonse guarantee insurance (HUG 전세보증보험) — either because they refused or because the property did not qualify — you have no insurance backstop. Your tools are:

ToolPurposeWhere to File
Lease registration order (임차권등기명령)Preserve your priority rights after moving outLocal district court
Provisional attachment (가압류)Freeze the landlord’s assets before they disappearLocal district court
Special Act applicationAccess full government support packagejeonse.molit.go.kr
Police complaint (고소)Criminal prosecution for fraudLocal police station
Civil lawsuit (민사소송)Recover deposit through judgmentLocal district court
Korea Legal Aid CorporationFree legal guidance for all of the above132

The absence of HUG insurance is particularly common with older multi-family housing (다가구주택, 빌라) where the landlord owns multiple units within one building — exactly the type of property favored by organized fraud rings.


Key Contacts at a Glance

OrganizationRoleContact
Ansim Jeonse PortalOnline application, official informationjeonse.molit.go.kr
Ministry of Land & InfrastructurePolicy oversightwww.molit.go.kr
LH KoreaPriority purchase, emergency housing1600-1004, www.lh.or.kr
HUG (Housing Urban Guarantee Corp.)Guarantee insurance, bridge loans1566-9009, www.khug.or.kr
Seoul Global CenterEnglish-language support for foreigners02-2075-4180
Danuri Call CenterMultilingual 24-hour hotline1577-1366
Korea Legal Aid CorporationFree legal consultation and representation132
Credit Counseling & Recovery ServiceCredit rehabilitation1600-5500
Financial Supervisory ServiceFinancial harm reporting1332
Korea Asset Management Corporation (KAMCO)Public sale (공매) information1588-5321


Bottom Line: Apply Before the Auction Closes

If you are a victim of jeonse fraud in South Korea — whether you are Korean or a foreign national — the single most important action you can take is to apply for victim designation under the Special Act before the auction finalizes. Once a third party takes title to the property, the LH priority purchase right is gone and your options narrow dramatically.

Even if you are uncertain whether you meet all six criteria, the Korea Legal Aid Corporation (132) provides free, no-obligation consultation. Submit your application, request the auction suspension, and let the Committee evaluate your case. Inaction is the only guaranteed losing strategy.

The sunset date of the Special Act must be confirmed directly at jeonse.molit.go.kr — do not rely on any secondary source for the definitive deadline.

What is the Jeonse Fraud Victim Support Special Act?

It is a time-limited Korean law enacted in June 2023 that allows victims of jeonse (lease deposit) fraud to receive official government recognition and a package of housing support: LH priority purchase rights, auction suspension, low-interest bridge loans, emergency housing, and credit rehabilitation. Victims must apply before the law's sunset date.

Can foreign nationals (F-2, F-4, F-5, E-7 visa holders) apply?

Yes. If you signed a lawful jeonse lease contract and completed household registration (전입신고), you are eligible to apply regardless of nationality. English-language support is available at Seoul Global Center (02-2075-4180) and the Danuri Call Center (1577-1366).

What are the 6 eligibility criteria under the Special Act?

① The contract appeared legitimate at the time of signing; ② The lease deposit is below the threshold set by Presidential Decree (generally KRW 500 million); ③ Multiple victims exist or are expected; ④ The landlord has not returned the deposit; ⑤ There is evidence of intentional fraud by the landlord; ⑥ Auction or forced sale proceedings are underway or imminent.

What is LH priority purchase right (우선매수권)?

When a property is auctioned off, LH (Korea Land and Housing Corporation) can purchase it at the winning bid price before any other buyer. LH then rents the property back to the victim at roughly 30% of market rent for up to 20 years.

Where do I apply as a foreign tenant in Korea?

Apply online at jeonse.molit.go.kr or in person at the Jeonse Fraud Victim Support Committee office in the city/province where your rental property is located. For English help, contact Seoul Global Center (02-2075-4180) or dial 1577-1366 (Danuri, multilingual).

My deposit was only KRW 150 million — is that enough to qualify?

Yes, there is no minimum deposit amount. The law protects victims at all deposit levels up to the ceiling set by Presidential Decree. Even small-deposit victims have full access to the support package.

My landlord has disappeared. Does that disqualify my application?

No — a missing landlord is actually strong evidence of intentional fraud, which supports your application. Document all failed contact attempts (texts, calls, letters) and file a police complaint (고소) before applying.

What happens if my auction date is coming up very soon?

Apply immediately at jeonse.molit.go.kr or call the local Committee office. The Committee can request an auction suspension (경공매 유예) on your behalf. Once the property is sold at auction and a new owner takes possession, the suspension option disappears.

I have HUG jeonse guarantee insurance. Do I still need to apply under the Special Act?

If you have HUG insurance, your most direct route is to file a claim with HUG (1566-9009) — HUG will pay your deposit and then pursue the landlord for recovery. The Special Act application is still worth considering for LH housing stability support. Check jeonse.molit.go.kr for the current rules on combining both.

How long does the victim designation process take?

Typically 60–90 days from when your application is accepted. Incomplete documents extend this timeline, so prepare everything before submitting.

What is a 'straw landlord' (바지사장) and how do I report one?

In organized jeonse fraud, a nominal landlord (straw landlord) is used to hide the real mastermind. Both can be criminally reported to the police. The existence of a straw landlord arrangement often confirms intentional fraud, strengthening your Special Act application.

What does the low-interest bridge loan cover?

It covers a new jeonse deposit so you can rent elsewhere while your case is being resolved. The rate has typically been in the 1–2% annual range. Check current rates with HUG (1566-9009) or at jeonse.molit.go.kr.

Is the Special Act still in force in 2026?

As of 2026-05-12, you must verify the current sunset date directly at jeonse.molit.go.kr or by contacting the local Jeonse Fraud Victim Support Committee. The law has been subject to ongoing extension discussions in the National Assembly.

What if I never registered my household (전입신고)?

Household registration is not an absolute eligibility requirement under the Special Act, but without it your legal priority in auction proceeds is weakened. Apply anyway and consult the Korea Legal Aid Corporation (전화: 132) for advice on your specific situation.

Are there free legal services for jeonse fraud victims?

Yes. The Korea Legal Aid Corporation (법률구조공단, dial 132) provides free legal consultation and can represent you in court proceedings. Filing for victim designation under the Special Act also opens access to litigation cost support.

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